This article proposes a short-circuit protection method based on detecting multi-point current signals at different locations. The illumination protection circuit in a coal mine is divided into multiple blocks, and the magnitude and phase of the phase voltage and current will change when different faults occur in different blocks. Based on this, the fault type and the specific location of the short circuit point in a certain block can be determined, and corresponding protection measures can be taken. Compared with the short-circuit detection method of traditional illumination signal comprehensive protection devices, this protection method greatly improves the accuracy and is not affected by the power supply distance. It can locate the short-circuit fault, determine the block where the fault occurs, and classify the fault. Meanwhile, a simulation model of the illumination power supply system is built according to the actual situation in the mine to verify the feasibility of the above method.